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英语语法讲解:延续动词与瞬间动词
[ xytyu1 2011/8/10 13:52:00 执笔 ]
 

语法讲解辅导

延续动词与瞬间动词

1)用于完成时的区别上海翻译公司

延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。

He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)

I‘ve known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)

2)用于till/until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句,表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示“到……,才……”

He didn’t come back until ten o‘clock.

他到10 点才回来。

He slept until ten o’clock.

他一直睡到10点。

典型例题

1. You don‘t need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时北京翻译公司

2.——I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

——Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。

 
 
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倒装句结构的用法
[ xytyu1 2011/8/10 13:42:00 执笔 ]
 

倒装句型

a) 完全倒装

将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,称之为完全倒装。例如:

Now comes the chance. 机会来了。

b) 部分倒装

只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前,谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面,称之为部分倒装。例如:

Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们难得像在这里这么舒服。

Only in this way can we do the work better. 只有这样我们才能把工作做得更好。

3. 倒装的原因

a) 一些句型的固定用法。

例如:Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。

b) 强调的需要。倒装以后,句子更加流畅生动。

例如:Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。

Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我们前面有很多困难。

4. 倒装句的基本用法深圳日语翻译

在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中:

Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。

Here comes our teacher! 我们的老师来了!

a) 副词only+状语放在句首时:

Only then did he realize his mistakes 。 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。

Only in this way can you learn maths well 。 只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。

b) 含有否定意义的副词或连词(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no

sooner…than)放在句首时:

Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。

Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。

Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the

sleeping car looking for our guests. 火车刚一进站,我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。

c) 副词so或 neither(nor)在句首:

He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣,我也如此。

He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.

他没有去过农村,他也不想去那里。

d) 在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首:

Thus ended his life. 这样结束了他的生命广州日语翻译

 
 
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主谓一致的用法讲解
[ xytyu1 2011/8/10 13:28:00 执笔 ]
 

主谓一致的种类:

⑴ 语法形式上的一致

主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词为复数形式。如:

I often help him and he often helps me. 我经常帮助他,他经常帮助我。

We often help each other and learn from each other. 我们经常互相帮助,互相学习。

⑵ 意义上的一致

a.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。

如:The crowd were surrounding the government official.

人群包围住了这位政府官员深圳英语翻译

单数形式代表复数内容的词有:people, police, cattle等。如:

The Chinese people are brave and hard-working. 中国人民勇敢而又勤劳。

b.主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。

news以及以ics结尾的学科名称(如:physics,politics,maths,economics等)。

⑶ 就近原则

就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

a. 并列主语用连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but

also等连接,谓语应同相邻的主语保持人称和数的一致。如:

Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.

不仅学生而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。

Are either you or he wrong? 要么是你错,要么是他错吗?

b. 在there be 表存在的句式中,主语是两个或多个名词(短语)的并列时,be 的形式与最前边的一个名词(短语)一致。如:

There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table═ There are

two knives, a pen and several books on the table.桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。

C. 副词或介词短语在句首的倒装句中,必须认准哪是主语。如:

Between the two buildings stands a monument. 两幢楼之间耸立着一块纪念碑。

On the ship were over 2,200 people. More than 1,500 people lost

their lives. Among those was the young woman.船上有2,2001人,

1,500多人丧生,这位年轻妇女也在其中广州英语翻译

 
 
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娱乐英语:詹尼佛洛佩兹宣布离婚
[ xytyu1 2011/8/10 13:14:00 执笔 ]
 

With three failed marriages between them, Jennifer Lopez and Marc Anthony finally seemed to find true love together when they married seven years ago. They had twin children, went on tour together, did a movie together and even planned a music-based reality show they were working on together.
经历了三段失败的婚姻之后,七年前的詹尼佛·洛佩兹和马克·安东尼似乎终于找到了真爱,步入了婚姻的礼堂。他们生了一对双胞胎,一起巡演,一起拍片,甚至还计划一起做个音乐相关的真人秀。

But on Friday, the pair announced they were no longer together.
不过在周五,这对夫妻宣布他们劳燕分飞了。

"We have decided to end our marriage. This was a very difficult decision," the couple said in a statement by Lopez's publicist. "We have come to amicable conclusion on all matters. It is a painful time for all involved and we appreciate the respect of our privacy at this time."
在洛佩兹的发布会上,这对夫妻在声明里说,“我们决定结束我们的婚姻,这是个艰难的决定,我们在所有事务的处理方面已经达成了一致。这对大家来说都是个痛苦地时刻,我们希望大家能尊重我们的隐私
英语翻译。”

It was a surprising split for one of Hollywood's most high-profile couples. They seemed inseparable: Lopez even danced in the background for her crooner husband when he performed on "American Idol," where she debuted as a judge this past season.
这两口子是好莱坞最高调的夫妻之一,他们看上去像是密不可分的:洛佩兹在上一季《美国偶像》首次出任评委,老公安东尼去表演,洛佩兹还去给他当伴舞。

In April, the pair, both 42, announced plans for a television show together, "Q'Viva! The Chosen," with Simon Fuller, the creator of "Idol." The show was to feature the superstar couple as they traveled the world to find the best performers in Latin music, dance and other arts with the goal of creating a live extravaganza.
四月的时候,同为42岁的两人宣布会和美国偶像的创始人Simon Fuller一起制作一部真人秀《Q'Viva! The Chosen》,这个秀本打算让这对明星夫妻周游全世界去发现拉丁音乐、舞蹈和其他艺术领域中的最佳表演者,以此打造一个现场音乐盛宴。

The show had no airdate, and it's unclear if it will continue.
这部真人秀播放日期还没定,是否会继续也不是很明朗
日语翻译

 
 
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当下最新金融英语词汇实例讲解
[ xytyu1 2011/7/12 13:03:00 执笔 ]
 

购买力平价 purchasing power parity


China next year will measure its gross domestic product (GDP) using purchasing power parity (PPP), an internationally accepted methodology, Beijing-based financial news portal Caing.com reported recently.
据财经资讯门户网站财新网最近报道,明年中国将通过购买力平价这一国际通用的方法来换算国内生产总值。

通胀恐慌 inflation fear


Consumer prices surged 4.4 percent year-on-year in October, a 25-month high, stoking inflation fears and making further monetary tightening more likely following Wednesday's reserve ratio hike.
十月份的消费价格同比上涨4.4%,创25个月以来的新高,引起了通胀恐慌。周三准备金率提高之后,进一步实行货币紧缩政策的可能性增大
英语口译

结算货币 settlement currency


The yuan will become one of the three major global settlement currencies in five years, the HSBC Group estimated.
汇丰集团预计,在未来五年内人民币将成为三大国际贸易结算货币之一。

现金补贴 cash subsidy


Each household with permanent residence registration in Guangzhou will be offered 150 yuan in cash subsidies for commuting purposes after local authorities scrapped a move to make public transport free ahead of the upcoming Asian Games.
在亚运会开幕前夕,广州市宣布取消免费乘坐公交的优惠政策,每个户籍家庭将领到150元的现金交通补贴
日语口译

输入型通胀 imported inflation


"Because the United States' issuance of dollars is out of control and international commodity prices are continuing to rise, China is being attacked by imported inflation. The uncertainties of this are causing firms big problems," Chen was quoted as saying by the Xinhua news agency.
新华社援引陈德铭的话说:“由于美元发行失控,国际商品价格持续上涨,中国正面临输入型通胀的危机,这导致的不确定性给公司造成巨大困难。”

社保体系 social welfare system


China plans to invest 5.74 trillion yuan by 2020 in building an all-round social welfare system to enhance people's livelihoods, according to the China Development Research Foundation, a government think-tank.
政府智囊机构中国发展研究基金会表示,我国计划在2020年前投入5.74万亿人民币用于建设覆盖城乡的社会保障体系,提高人民的生活水平。

 
 
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办公室英语必备的60个单词
[ xytyu1 2011/7/12 13:02:00 执笔 ]
 

办公室用品


      修改胶带北京翻译 correction tap
  书立 book stand
  日记簿 diary book
  文件袋 [wv=expand]expanding[/wv] file
  地球仪 globe
  名片夹 name card holder
  办公用大头针 office pin
  工字针 paper fastener
  切纸刀 paper cuter
  美工刀 cutter

公司部门


  总公司 Head Office
  分公司 Branch Office
  营业部 Business Office
  人事部 Personnel Department (注:Department可简写为 Dept.)
  人力资源部 Human Resources Department
  总务部 General Affairs Department
  财务部 General Accounting Department
  销售部 Sales Department
  国际部 International Department
  广告部 Advertising Department
  企划部 Planning Department
  研发部 Research and Development Department(R&D)
  秘书室 SecretarialPool

 

公司职位英语词汇


  高级管理 Senior Management
  首席执行官/总经理
上海翻译 CEO/GM/President
  副总经理 Deputy GM/VP/Management Trainee
  总监 Director
  合伙人 Partner
  总裁/总经理助理 CEO/GM/President Assistant
  物流/贸易/采购 Logis./Trading/Merchand./Purch.
  物流经理 LogisticsManager
  物流主管 Logistics Supervisor
  物流专员/助理 Logistics Specialist/Assistant
  采购经理 Purchasing Manager
  采购主管 Purchasing Supervisor
  采购员 Purchasing Specialist/Staff
  外贸/贸易经理/主管 Trading Manager/Supervisor
  外贸/贸易专员/助理 Trading Specialist/Assistant
  业务跟单经理 MerchandiserManager
  高级业务跟单 Senior Merchandiser
  业务跟单 Merchandiser
  助理业务跟单 Assistant Merchandiser
  仓库经理/主管 Warehouse Manager
  仓库管理员 Warehouse Specialist
  运输经理/主管 Distribution Manager/Supervisor
  报关员 Customs Specialist
  单证员 Documentation Specialist
  快递员 Courier
  理货员 Warehouse Stock Management
  文字/艺术/设计 Writer/Editor/Creative Artist/Designer
  市场/公关/广告 Marketing/PR/Advertising
  市场/广告总监 Marketing/Advertising Director/VP
  市场/营销经理 Marketing Manager
  市场/营销主管 Marketing Supervisor
  市场分析/调研人员 Market Analyst/ Research Analyst
  广告策划/设计/文案 Advertising Creative/Design/Copy writer
  财务/审计/统计/金融 Finance/Accounting/Banking
  财务总监 CFO/Finance Director/VP
  财务经理 Finance Manager
  财务主管/总帐主管 Finance Supervisor
  会计经理/会计主管 Accounting Manager/Supervisor
  会计 Accountant / Accounting Trainee
  出纳员 Cashier
  财务/会计助理 Finance/Accounting Assistant
  财务分析经理/主管 Financial Analysis Manager/Supervisor
  财务分析员 Financial Analyst

 
 
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成功小故事中蕴含商业英语术语
[ xytyu1 2011/7/12 13:01:00 执笔 ]
 

看那些金融类新闻,总会有那么一些商业术语让我们不知所云。今天,就和小编一起从一个商人成功的故事中来学学那些我们感觉陌生的商业术语吧!下次看商业报刊,可不能再犯窘了上海翻译公司

Now, the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.

There are many special terms in the world of business.

The following story is about a sweetheart deal which I made last week. I made the deal with a friend, and we both made a profit.

I had started a small company several years ago. I worked hard to make it successful. It was a sign-making business. It was a small company, not a blue chip company. It was not known nationally for the quality of its signs. It did not make millions of dollars in profits. And it was private. It was not a public company with shares traded on the stock market.北京翻译公司

Still, I worked hard building up my business. I did not work only a few hours each day -- no banker’s hours for me. Instead I spent many hours each day, seven days a week, trying to grow the company. I never cut corners or tried to save on expenses. I made many cold calls. I called on possible buyers from a list of people I had never seen. Such calls were often hard sells. I had to be very firm.

Sometimes I sold my signs at a loss. I did not make money on my product. When this happened, there were cut backs. I had to use fewer supplies and reduce the number of workers. But after several years, the company broke even. Profits were equal to expenses. And soon after, I began to gain ground. My signs were selling very quickly. They were selling like hotcakes.

I was happy. The company was moving forward and making real progress. It was in the black, not in the red. The company was making money, not losing it.

My friend knew about my business. He is a leader in the sign-making industry – a real big gun, if you know what I mean. He offered to buy my company. My friend wanted to take it public. He wanted to sell shares in the company to the general public.

My friend believed it was best to strike while the iron is hot. He wanted to take action at the best time possible and not wait. He offered me a ball park estimate of the amount he would pay to buy my company. But I knew his uneducated guess was low. My company was worth much more. He asked his bean-counter to crunch the numbers. That is, he asked his accountant to take a close look at the finances of my company and decide how much it was worth. Then my friend increased his offer.

My friend’s official offer was finally given to me in black and white. It was written on paper and more than I ever dreamed. I was finally able to get a break. I made a huge profit on my company, and my friend also got a bang for the buck. He got a successful business for the money he spent.

 
 
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科技领域新词汇的英语翻译方法
[ xytyu1 2011/7/12 12:58:00 执笔 ]
 

在科技类文章的翻译中,对个别疑难生词短语的准确翻译是个难题,因为科技领域的新词汇日新月异、层出不穷,遇到词典都查不到的生词也在所难免。

翻译这种生词时主要有两种对策:根据上下文提供的线索猜译;根据英语构词法知识推断生词含义北京英语翻译

例如:

Different from conventional wheel-on-rail system, the Transrapid accomplishes the functions of support, guidance, acceleration and braking by using non-contact electromagnetic instead of mechanical force.

在翻译上句时,译者可能会遇到两个词典难以应对的生词:Transrapid和wheel-on-rail。如何解决呢?对于前者,诀窍是耐心"恭候"生词在文中的再现,因为"再现"能帮助你猜译。

果然,下文接着出现了the propulsion system for the Transrapid is not mounted in the vehicle but...据此,可大胆将Transrapid译成"磁浮列车"。

而对于wheel-on-rail,可以直接根据英语构词法的特点,在理解好wheel(轮)和rail(轨)的空间关系的基础上,结合上下文将它简洁地译成"轮轨铁路"。

再如:

Electronically controlled support magnets located on both sides along the entire length of the vehicle...

对于support magnets,词典上查无此词,但不可机械地按字面译作"支持磁铁",因为这不符合汉语科技术语的命名习惯上海日语翻译

由于全文的主题是磁浮列车,而磁铁的作用又是支承上面的列车,因此可根据这种磁铁的功能将support magnets译成"悬浮磁铁"。

看来,科技文章中的生词短语并不可怕,只要我们打好语言基本功,同时善于观察,敏于发现,答案往往就包含在文字之中。

 
 
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80后单身宅女的12种开心水果吃法
[ xytyu1 2009/3/4 14:20:00 执笔 ]
 

原料

草莓5-6颗,牛奶一包,大杏仁几颗

 

做法

这就是白痴也会

 

把牛奶和草莓放进搅拌机里打几秒钟,倒进杯子里,加入捣碎的杏仁即可

 

就这么简单,还可以在这里面放几勺子冰激凌,相当过瘾

 

 

 

 

 

又开始整理假期里和小鸟的聊天记录了,摘几句来瞅瞅吧,这就叫愤世嫉俗吧!是不是语不惊人死不休啊500)this.style.width=500;">

 

 

 

小丽:500)this.style.width=500;">

 

1、前面是广阔的森林 任我挑选


2、今生最大的遗憾就是:我们都是女生。所以,下辈子,约好了,我们中要有一个是男生 。


3、感情是浑然天成的 ,顺其自然
 

4、我也想给别人做媒,这个职业积德


5、不用难过 ,总会有个长眼睛的人让我们幸福起来的


6、缘分来了,挡都挡不住

 

7、男人会和女人在一起,可能不需要任何理由,但女人不行,大多是因为感情 ,所以,女人更累

 

8、女人一旦无所谓了,男人就开始害怕了


9、爱和恨一样难忘,因为都浪费了太多的感情

 

10、其实,男人岁数大点,就想明白了,爱情,就那么回事。而女人,更幼稚一点,要更老一些,才会死心,爱情是童话!
 

 

 小鸟:500)this.style.width=500;">

 1、有墙角不挖是笨蛋,况且还是砸过自己的破墙的角

 2、还瞧不起我们?也不回家照照镜子

 3、还是女生在一起好,不用在意形象,不用考虑说话,不用小心翼翼

4、男人连自己将来的老婆都要靠老妈的意见?有没有点主见?套句俗话,丫的断奶了没啊?

5、现在的男人眼睛都长在头顶上了,以为自己是董永啊,玉皇大帝的女儿都得倒贴?

6、想得太明白,绝不是什么好事

7、慢慢的我们什么都没经历,就变得很老了

8、人生就是一场戏,演着演着就成了悲剧

 9、别管别人怎样,别让自己痛苦

 10、现在经常用睡觉来逃避现实翻译公司 上海翻译公司 北京翻译公 广州翻译公司 深圳翻译公司 深圳翻译公司 英语翻译 法语翻译 德语翻译 韩语翻译 日语翻译 俄语翻译  

 
 
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《西游记》中的四个圈和阴阳五行
[ xytyu1 2009/3/4 14:19:00 执笔 ]
 

《西游记》之“西”大抵是东西之争(并非今日之西方),是对立的两极。“游”即东西之间从一极过渡到另一极。“记”即以语言命名,将行为过程记录下来(叙事)。

《西游记》众多人物大都可归结为天、地、人、神四重圈,这四重圈是一个同心圆,是四套相互关联又各自独立的话语系统。其中,天的中心是玉皇大帝,地的中心是阎王,人的中心是皇帝,神的中心是如来佛。但每一个都不是绝对的中心,中心是处于不断位移之中的。

有趣的是,主人公孙悟空偏偏未被纳入这四套系统,他只是东胜神洲傲来国一块神石得天地精华而孕育出的一个石猴(值得宇宙发生学研究),没有历史,更无根基,是被抛到这个世界上的“天外”来客,不属于其中任何一套系统。当他在仙山学得一身本领,并被师父赐名“悟空”之后,就如一张白纸被书写了,他有了意识和思想,于是,“无名的焦虑”开始困扰着他,处心积虑要打入四套系统之中。同样,四套系统对他也有“阐释的焦虑”,封了他一个“弼马温”。急于进入系统中的孙悟空迫不及待地接受了,但当他得知这份“恩赐”与他的要求反差太大时,他愤而打出系统,自封“齐天大圣”,自己为自己“正名”,表现出强烈的由边缘走向中心的愿望(圣非佛非神,而属儒家)。

当孙悟空首先以暴力冲击中心时,却遭到失败,如来佛反手一掌就将他压在五指山下,受难的英雄忍受了五百年,为求正名,只有妥协,接受“重新书写”,取经成为他“重新命名”的手段,他被招安,或者说改邪归正了。

取经,所谓“经”,就是经典,是完满神圣。取经的过程是这些不完满的个体走向完满新人的心路历程。一群前世有恶的犯人,保着一个善良的庸才(这个庸才也是因有过错而被贬下凡间),经历九九八十一难,去西天求取真经。在这一路上,过去高大的变得琐屑了(唐僧),过去矮小的变得高大了(孙悟空)。

取经的路中由“家”走向“经”的路,一个小小群体之中,各怀其心:孙悟空几经放逐,猪八戒数次动摇,沙僧略保中庸,白马则抖落了一路的无奈。因为“经”之外,每个个体心中还有一个“家”:花果山召唤着悟空,高老庄吸引着八戒。家是欲望回归的方式,走向经的路途中,退可以有家。唯有唐僧这最弱者最坚定,因为他的外在力量最小,灵魂的坚强战胜了肉体的柔弱,无欲则刚,所以他成了这个小群体的领导者——师父。

何以为师?——这是心力和武力的较量。人是魂与魄的组合,师徒四人中,孙悟空两者皆备,唐僧的魂无魄,猪八戒有魄无魂,沙僧两者皆弱。然而,四人之中却以唐僧为尊,可见心力更高一筹。(这里大约同样有儒家风范,劳心者治人,劳力者治于人的思想。)

取经途中,退可以有家,而旁可以有欲。欲望构成了灾难,阻挠着西行之路。灾难一个个走过,欲望也被一次次战胜。这一路是对欲望不断“消解”的一路,因为此行的目标,灵心胜地中的如来佛是让人无欲的。

八十一难虽多,但归纳起来不外两类,一类是要吃唐僧,吃了可以长生不老,一类是要与唐僧交合。两者都是为了心中的欲望(妖怪的欲望),对唐僧一行而言,吃与被吃,女人与非女人,前者不由其选择,后者却充满了引诱,尽管他心中知道应该禁止,因为只有对女性的遗忘,才能达到纯阳,才能领悟佛之正道。

魂虚无缥缈,但仍受沉重肉身之累,取得真经之后的唐僧仍需借助四大金刚之力才能乘云,灵肉的统一,天人的统一,只存在西天成佛之后才能达到。至于八戒沙僧是否也获得统一,不得而知。因为作品是一个开放系统,没有讲他们的归宿,留待读者自思。(这也是作者的高明之处)

《西游记》一行五人,颇合中国易经的阴阳五行说,金(孙)木(猪)水(马)火(沙)土(唐)。一路上有神(人)妖的阴阳二气的对立,有女性世界与唐僧男性元阳世界的对立。(这里又有道家思想阴阳家思想)

在今天,同样东土仍然在进行着“西”游记,但这个神话不同于过去时代。如今,“西天”被渲染得灿烂无比,今天的人去西方不再是“取经”而是“舍身”!宁死也不回头东望神州。广大深沉的热情与颠簸不破的坚定更胜于唐僧师徒,但是那师徒四人取经后仍然回家了,唐僧还在雁塔寺宣经,四人拒绝了引诱回来了。西行只是他们“正名”的手段和超越过程,通过这一过程,他们达到了否定之否定的目的。

今天的人“西”行“正名”过程却是“失名”,失去了自己,处于夹缝中,成为香蕉人(文化认同问题)。真可谓时代不同了

 
 
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