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Cape to Cairo
junshan02 发表于 2012/7/19 10:31:00 |
The Dutch East India Company had founded the on the southern tip of Africa in 1652 as a way station for its ships travelling to and from its colonies in the Moncler
Down Vest Men. Britain formally acquired the colony, and its large (or ) population in 1806, having occupied it in 1795 in order to prevent its falling into French hands, following the invasion of the Netherlands by France. British immigration began to rise after 1820, and pushed thousands of Boers, resentful of British rule, northwards to found their own—mostly short-lived—independent republics, during the of the late 1830s and early 1840s. In the process the clashed repeatedly with the British, who had their own agenda with regard to colonial expansion in South Africa and with several African polities, including those of the and the nations. Eventually the Boers established two republics which had a longer lifespan: the or Transvaal Republic (1852–77; 1881–1902) and the (1854–1902). In 1902 Britain occupied both republics, concluding a treaty with the two following the 1899–1902.
In 1869 the Suez Canal was opened under , linking the Mediterranean with the Indian Ocean. The Canal was at first opposed by the British, but once open its strategic value was quickly recognised. In 1875, the government of bought the indebted ruler 's 44 percent shareholding in the for ?4 million (?280 million in 2012). Although this did not grant outright control of the strategic waterway, it did give Britain leverage. Joint Anglo-French financial control over Egypt ended in outright British occupation in 1882. The French were still majority shareholders and attempted to weaken the British position, but a compromise was reached with the 1888 , which made the Canal officially neutral territory. |
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