More than 25 years have gone by since the U.S. Congress passed the Women in Science and Technology Equal Opportunity Act, which states that it is "the policy of the United States that men and women have equal opportunity in education, training, and employment in scientific and technical fields." But today's academic field illustrates a different reality than that the U.S. Congress wishes to exist. Even if major advances have occurred in relation to women's role in education, academic institutions are still not fully utilizing the pool of women scientists they are producing each year. In fact, the difference between the proportions of women who earn Ph.D.'s and those who are in faculty positions at top universities appears to be most evident in the biological and physical sciences, as well as in engineering.

But these sciences, even if they have been mostly studied by men, have been also studied in great extend by women over the years. While some scholars support that considerable biological differences between men and women affect their representation in science, there is a substantive body of evidence indicating that overall intelligence does not differ between men and women,cheap timberland uk. Still controversy persists as to whether specific aspects of cognitive ability differ. But there is no ideal constellation of cognitive abilities required to be a scientist. To become a successful scientist, one needs to have deductive reasoning abilities, adequate verbal skills, quantitative reasoning, intuition, and social skills. Even if we accept that men and women differ in some of these abilities,cheap timberland boots, there is no basis on which one may assume that men will have greater success than women in science, because different academic backgrounds, personal skills and mental abilities create equally successful approaches and styles. Moreover, there is no convincing evidence that women's representation in science is limited by innate ability. For example, between 1970 and 2003 a considerable 30 percent increase occurred in the proportion of Ph.D.'s granted to women in engineering. Since people support that this was the outcome of dramatic changes in attitudes and laws relevant to gender, the fact that more women were able to successfully graduate from their PhD's programs provides strong evidence of the cultural and structural impediments to women.

Moral and legal imperatives to ensure equal opportunity provide sufficient reasons to examine the causes of the disparities and to attempt to rectify them. Equally compelling is the impact that equity will have on the quality of today's universities and the competitiveness of any nation. Heterogeneity among students, faculty, and staff can strengthen universities' role in fundamental ways. Specifically, the design of more innovative solutions to problems is the outcome of heteroclite groups, which can bring a higher level of critical analysis to decisions. Furthermore, institutions that welcome women foster more favorable working environments for all community members.

Concluding, institutional transformation necessitates collective examination of attitudes and the behaviors observed, which can be rather disquieting, since it requires engagement with issues of life-style, reproduction, hiring, and academic customs. But,timberland boots uk, the most uncomfortable of every possible discovery is the realization that all people have their own unconscious biases, which can shape behavior patterns and lead to such gaps.




If you are interested in the ultimate technology and the new inventions made, here you will find some interesting concepts about an efficient and money saving tool: the Optical Level Controller.

This tool is very useful for the engineers because it is the combine of the optical attenuator and optical power meter having a control software and is used for controlling and keeping constantly the optical power.

The capability of an optical attenuator is to weaken the power level of an optical signal and the optical power meter is a tool which evaluates the amount of energy in an optical signal,timberland boots cheap.

Technicians and engineers prefer to use the Optical Level Controller because by doing that they avoid used two different tools (the optical attenuator and the optical power meter) separately to get the results they want. Using this tools separately can lead to inaccurate results because they can test and interpret the information differently which leads to complications and lots of time wasted.

When using the OLC (Optical Level Controller), the results are always correct. As a result, lots of money and time are saved and working is much easier because the tools flexibility and functionality; it can be used for maintenance, optical system installation or troubleshooting.

There are three modes in which the OLC functions: the optical attenuator, the optical power meter mode and the automatic level controller mode.
This incredible tool has other features as well: can store up to 1000 measurements and has remote control.

The ones that invented it are the Japanese which realized that having such a tool would be very useful and time and money saving and for that they made a lot of research until they managed to create the OLC. When buying this product,black uggs, you usually get from 1 to 3 years warranty in case that it malfunction and provides inaccurate results.

If you are an engineer or field technician, you should consider providing such a tool because it will make your work much easier, efficient, money saving and enjoyable and you will feel that you have invested wisely money in buying such a magnificent tool.