China is one of the earliest countries in the mechanical development in ancient China in the mechanical aspects of many inventions, the use of powered mechanical structure design has its own characteristics. Many special mechanical design and applications, such as guide car seismograph and the incense burner, etc.,Gucci Hobo, are unique. ancient Chinese metal smelting technology invention time earlier, and skilled. such as the bronzes of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, primitive, bold, Spring and Autumn Period bronze slender delicate, formed of ancient Chinese bronzes unique style has been found in China the oldest bronze, such as Gansu Dongxiang Majiayao unearthed bronze knife, dating back over 4800 years of history.
China in about 40 to 50 million years ago, had rough machining original tool for the scrapers, choppers,Gucci Tote, and three prism pointed device. 50000 years ago, grinding technology, and many stone tools have been relatively smooth, sharp blade, and a single blade, double-edged points of the convex edge, concave edge and round edge.
China 28,000 years ago, bows and arrows, a new blow molding products, this is an invention of the mechanical aspects of the earliest; 8000 BC to 2800 period potter's wheel (pottery with turntable); farm tools appear in about 6000 BC to 5000 years ago, except stone axes and stone knives, stone hoes, stone shovels, stone sickles, mussels sickle, the Bonescythe and bone plow. stone axes and knives have been grinding hard sand from the hole and Xia dynasty,
Xia Dynasty, has emerged the spokes Quan and the various spokes of the wheel; exquisite two-wheelers have been commensurate with the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty; independence canoes and rafts, water transport,Gucci Top Handles, already have appeared.
the late Neolithic period, people have been able to stone Fan and mud casting primitive tools and weapons. provider Yin period, with the development of handicraft production and technical level improved, forming a splendid bronze culture. bronze smelting technology is highly developed, bronze castings Simuwu side tripod weighing 875 kilograms, the Spring and Autumn Period bronze castings of Marquis Yi of Zeng respect disc is very fine.
Spring and Autumn Period to Wei Han Dynasty ( BC 770 - AD 265) began a period of rapid economic development of ancient Chinese machinery. Spring and Autumn Period of iron and pig iron smelting technology began to appear; black heart malleable cast iron, white heart malleable cast iron and forged steel, the emergence of new water purification products accelerated the transition from the Bronze to the Iron Age; Spring and Autumn Period after the invention of the lost wax casting method and the low melting point alloy welding; the Warring States period, there has been stacked cast anchor chain casting process; the Western Han Dynasty have been refining in the mid-gray cast iron and wall thickness of 3 to 5 mm thin-walled cast iron cast iron warm processing technology to develop.
Spring and Autumn Period crossbow to shoot the crossbow is a smart mechanism to the Han Dynasty, crossbow machining accuracy and surface finish has reached a very high level. Han crossbow with one stone to ten stone eight kinds of specifications, these specifications that the machinery manufacturing standards have been initially established in the Han dynasty crossbow to leave work, and blacksmith. mill workers name. The spread
the Warring States Period in-depth exploration. the floor, the ship of the Han Dynasty have been all kinds of ships and a large number of three or four compartments. Some ships have been equipped with stern rudder and efficient tool to promote the oars in the Western Han Dynasty in the incense burner Compact, no matter the sphere censer how to scroll, its central location, hemispherical furnace can often keep the level of state.
land transportation means continuous development of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum bronze chariots unearthed in .1980 was casting technology, metal processing and assembly process level of the Eastern Han Dynasty after the recording drum car and guide vehicles. recording drum cars have a reduction gear system, come take a look at the play to the advantage of teachers, to know the mileage by the sound of the drum bracelet segmented reported. Three Kingdoms, Ma Jun made, a guide to car with the gear drive, as well as automatic clutch, Shing Kee is technically drum cart, one chip of the invention of the automatic clutch, the gear of the transmission mechanism has been developed to the extent commensurate with
the Eastern Han Dynasty have been different shape and use of gears and gear. a large number of ratchet, herringbone gear. special astronomical instruments have been more sophisticated gear. Zhang Heng use clepsydra made waterway was fully assembled, to leaking as the driving force isokinetic one revolution a day through the gear train so that it was fully assembled. AD 132, Zhang Heng created the world's first seismograph, the seismograph
Han Dynasty textile technology and textile machinery is also growing, Aya machine has become a commensurate The complex of textile machinery to the Three Kingdoms period, Ma Jun, 50 comprehensive (grouped mention healds) put the meridian of 50 tread (step a) and 60 comprehensive 60 chase Aya machine had been turned into 50 comprehensive and 12 tread 12 tread 60 comprehensive, improve production efficiency. Ma Jun has also created a new water pumping equipment roll-over, continuous water pumping, high efficiency and very labor-saving farm implements of
Han Dynasty iron plow has been the plow wall, can play the role of tilling the soil and pulverizer Emperor Wu of Han, Zhao Guo Now that create three-legged columbine day planting one are. During this period, large-scale copper and iron castings and large mechanical structures start to appear. casting Cangzhou Iron Lion in the Five Dynasties period, weighing about 40 tons, wooden structure in the Song Dynasty armillary 3 feet 5 feet high, one foot wide and 2 feet
machinery of the late Tang period has a higher level. such as unearthed in Xi'an Tang Dynasty silver box, small bore cylindrical heart of PIP with the tight mouth, fine marks indicating that the machining accuracy has reached a new level.
means of transport, human and hydraulic and technical further development of the Southern Qi Zu made, OK Barry's so-called ship thousands of miles and Southern Liang Hou Jingjun 160 paddle boats, fast ships are human propulsion, Northern and Southern Dynasties travel. Li Gao of the Tang Dynasty Travel's improvement from the past and the role.
hydraulic machinery to make new advances existing cylinder car in the Tang Dynasty, from the development of the manual water for the hydraulic lift water south end of the end of another to create advanced water to turn a large spinning wheel, three destroy, destroy (ingot) hand spinning wheel was the world's more advanced Human spinning machinery. this period astronomical and chronometric instruments in
hair shop quickly. Northern Song Dynasty Su Song and Han Gonglian wooden structure made of water-powered astronomical clock tower, can take on many forms of celestial space and time is running. It consists of a hydraulic drive, including a set of capture vertical institutions. armillary represents the height of the level of the machinery manufacturing, advanced astronomical clock. Yuan Dynasty roller bearing mechanism is a first in the world at that time. shipbuilding industry has been in
early great progress. fleet of Zheng He's voyages was the world's largest fleet of treasure ships of Zheng and was riding about 137 meters, Zhang 12 sails, rudder stock is more than 11 meters, is the largest ancient ocean away ship < br> mechanical manufacturing is still dependent on manual operation. larger, such as supremely anchor, first wrought by artificial four claws, and then turn-by-section weld. small in size as the needle used for cold pull the wire, but also handmade into.
Ming Dynasty have been piston bellows. it into the step of the Song and Yuan wood fan shop, bellows and air pressure automatically open and close valves rely on piston-driven, metal smelting effective blast equipment.
in the next mid- or slightly in front of the wooden sailing has been able to sail against the wind and has the ability to full-wind sailing. Yangzhou Lifan wind wheel is eight vertical sail equidistant device in octagonal wooden, around a vertical axis, and can automatically adjust the angle of the sail surface. This is the ancient Chinese unique wooden sailing into further development of a long time, China's coastal areas and more use it to promote the roll-over sun-dried salt to extract seawater mechanical technology advances in
promote academic research Wang Zheng, 1627 compiled and published the away Milicic Figure that recorded the most,Gucci Abbey, an overview of the Western mechanical engineering. get within a certain range from the West tells the table and the water gun spread.
, 1634 to 1637, the Ming Sung, edited and published the performance of the product covers the mud type casting kettle, lost wax casting, as well as money but casting technique, also described the supremely anchor and hard and soft needle manufacturing methods, jacquard and other textile machinery, as well as travel and other various traffic tool performance and specifications. accurate report more agencies processing fine, rich Chinese national characteristics. the Ming and Qing dynasties watch artisans create a lot of new watches. Guangzhou, Suzhou, Nanjing, Yangzhou, a city of well-known manufacture of watches and clocks. < br> from before the founding of New China in 1840-1949 for the modern period, during which China's machinery industry gradually by a small handicraft workshop production, to use the power of the machine mode of production changes.
After the Opium War, the Chinese society from the feudal rule started to change for the semi-feudal rule. this period, the birth of the machinery industry, from the outset has a semi-feudal characteristics: China's earliest use of powered mechanical plant is Foreign Office; Machinery Plant is the Chinese people themselves, the first founded the Qing government business arms manufacturers; enterprise founded by the Chinese national capital, has been in the oppression of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-comprador
opium after the Battle of imperialism made in China's coastal and inland navigation in order to adapt to the shipping industry hair need to shop, foreign first established in China .1845 British boat ship repair yard Ke worship set up in Guangzhou Huangpu Ko the worship ship factory, the Chinese territory of a foreign machinery plant
1854 sub-opium battle shortly after, the foreign business in the Huangpu shipyard shipyard to 5,6. Anglo-American businessman and have set up a ship repair factory in the East China, the larger of the British commercial the Xiangsheng shipyards Yesong shipyard and abundance shipyards, new non-standard tool to the end of the 1860s, the size of the foreign-established coastal ports in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xiamen, Fuzhou, ship repair plant has reached 22 Chinese workers employed up to 9,000. Foreign
operating in China Machinery Industry In addition to the ship repair yard, railway vehicle repair shop, such as 1880 the British established in Tangshan, China's first railway vehicle repair shop, the 1901 German Sifang Village of railway factory in Qingdao, at the larger companies, according to 1908 statistics, 34 foreign operating machinery plant, ship building plant 28; three rail vehicle factory. these plants operating with British companies up to about two-thirds of the total.
20th century, Japan has stepped up its economic aggression against China in the northeast. district, in southern Manchuria after the Russo-Japanese battle, offering a number of mechanical factory, the new magnetic flap level gauge products to the already large railway in the 1920s, made boat, mining machinery and other machinery factory more than 20 South Manchurian Railway Company in 1906, the expansion of the Dalian railway factory receiver Russia, Fushun Coal Mine Machinery Factory. new the Shahekou railway factory. in 1907
in 1908, the Kawasaki shipbuilding expanded receiving docks and factories of Russia in Dalian, located in Dalian branch to 1914 has developed into the Japanese workers more than 2,800 Chinese workers 10000 I large shipyards can build the 5,000-ton ship.
1919, the American in Shanghai was established specifically Sims is the factory for the assembly of the machine. American is the output of machinery and equipment to China, a long time accounted for the Chinese imports of machinery and run in fifth to a quarter of the equipment of the total, less of the machinery plant. Qing government,
military factory
the 1861, Zeng was founded Anqing Jun mechanical, which is run by Chinese people first mechanical plant .1863 He sent Yung Wing, the United States to purchase machines, preparations for the establishment of large-scale modern machinery industrial enterprises.
1862, Li has ordered Ting Jih-chang, Korea Hall A and the British Magary in Shanghai, Suzhou three ocean guns Board. Suzhou foreign guns Bureau steam power and the employment of foreign staff, but the scale is still mainly hand-production of the early nineteenth century the 1960s to the 20th century, Zeng, Li, Zuo and provinces has to do more than 20 large and small, military factories, of which the larger Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, Jinling Manufacturing Council, the Foochow Navy Yard, Tianjin Machinery Bureau and Hubei Guns Factory.
Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau in 1865 Shanghai the Hongkou American Buddhism acquired by the URA, June 8, Zeng and Li Hongzhang to run the flag in 1863 persons Kee Iron Works (build ships), based on the original set up Shanghai's foreign guns Bureau incorporated into the set up. Yung Wing hundred sets of machine purchased from the United States the same year arrived in Shanghai all put into the council has a factory machine gun factory, fire pharmaceutical companies, artillery factory, mine, factory, bronze ironworks to the 1891 global 13 cooked ironworks, steelworks and other factories and Works Agency, and more than 3500 workers.
Images: investment in infrastructure sharing before and after the
Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau about 200 million ounces of silver, the new standard port instrument products , when China's largest, earliest use of the machine production of modern military-industrial enterprises, start their own modern industry in China. it to produce in China, a modern soldiers round (tim guitar), condensed out of the first furnace in China molten steel, the founder of the first Chinese machinery industrial manufacturing school and the first to introduce advanced technology from foreign countries.
1866, Zuo establish the Foochow Navy Yard in 1869 to begin production, with 16 factories, 3 Zuochuan Taiwan is production in China's largest ship manufacturer .1881 3 2400 horsepower, displacement of 2200 tons of sea patrol Clippers, the largest warship to China's own assembly manufacturing assembly to the late Qing Dynasty, the construction of the soldiers boat 40, accounting for the same period within the four seas